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Российские нанотехнологии. 2019; 14: 94-100

Исследование и оценка токсичности наночастиц оксида кальция при однократной ингаляционной экспозиции

Зайцева Н. В., Землянова М. А., Степанков М. С., Игнатова А. М.

https://doi.org/10.21517/1992-7223-2019-9-10-94-100

Аннотация

При однократной четырехчасовой ингаляционной экспозиции аэрозолем водной суспензии наночастиц оксида кальция (СаО) в фактической концентрации 6.68 мг/м3 повышается концентрация кальция в легких (в 1.52 раза), головном мозге (в 1.55 раза) и печени (в 1.25 раза) относительно контроля, в то время как при действии микродисперсного аналога в концентрации 6.37 мг/м3 повышение данного показателя отмечено только в головном мозге (в 1.27 раза). При этом концентрация кальция в головном мозге животных опытной группы выше, чем в группе сравнения (в 1.22 раза). После действия нано- и микрочастиц СаО в тканях головного мозга установлено субарахноидальное кровоизлияние. Развитие патоморфологических изменений в виде гиперплазии лимфоидной ткани, эозинофилии, острого полнокровия и геморрагических инфарктов легких, а также гидропической и гиалиново-капельной дистрофий паренхиматозной ткани печени зафиксировано только после экспозиции наночастицами СаО. Выявленные особенности бионакопления и патоморфологических изменений при ингаляционном действии наночастиц СаО свидетельствуют о большей токсичности исследуемого наноматериала в сравнении с микродисперсным аналогом.

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Title in english. 2019; 14: 94-100

Study and assessment of toxicity of calcium oxide nanoparticles at one-time inhalation exposure

Zaitseva N. V., Zemlyanova M. A., Stepankov M. S., Ignatova A. M.

https://doi.org/10.21517/1992-7223-2019-9-10-94-100

Abstract

At a single four-hour inhalation exposure to aerosol of the aqueous suspension of calcium oxide nanoparticles (CaO) in actual concentration of 6.68 mg/m3, the accumulation of calcium increases in lungs (by 1.52 times), in brain (by 1.55 times) and in liver (by 1.25 times) relative to the control, while at effecting of microdispersed analog in concentration of 6.37 mg/m3, an increase of the indicator is reached only in the brain (by 1.27 times). At the same time, the calcium concentration in the brain of an animal from experimental group is higher than from the comparison group (by 1.22 times). After the action of CaO nano - and microparticles in the brain tissues, a subarachnoid hemorrhage was established. The development of pathomorphological changes in the form of hyperplasia of lymphoid tissue, eosinophilia, acute arterial plethora and hemorrhagic lung infarcts, as well as the hydropic and hyaline-drop dystrophy of parenchymal liver tissue has been manifested only after exposure to CaO nanoparticles. The identified features of the bioaccumulation and pathomorphological changes at inhalation exposure to CaO nanoparticles demonstrate a greater toxicity of the studied nanomaterial in comparison to the microdispersed analog.

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